Many different types of filters are available to consumers. Determining which type is most appropriate for you&#;or whether you need a filter at all&#;depends on what functions you want a filter to provide. No filter eliminates all contaminants, so understanding what filters do and do not do is important.
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Read the label to see if it is NSF-certified. If it is, you can search NSF&#;s database to learn more about what a particular model is certified to protect you against. Labels on water filters also typically state the contaminants that are reduced, which can help to guide your choice. Be sure to read labels carefully yourself and verify the manufacturer&#;s claims with an independent source, as not all sales representatives will be familiar with your needs.
Keep in mind that most brands include many different types of filters. Sales people might be able to help you make an appropriate selection, but remember that they are sometimes paid to sell a particular brand. You should check claims and read the fine print on filter packaging for yourself and ensure that it will work for your purposes before purchasing.
Don&#;t assume that if the filter removes one contaminant, it also removes others. Filters that remove chemicals often do not effectively remove germs, and vice versa. Some water treatment devices that remove chemicals, such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, or distillation systems, might also remove fluoride. Children who drink water with levels of fluoride <0.6 ppm might need a fluoride supplement. Check with your child&#;s pediatrician or dentist for specific recommendations.
The prices of different filtration systems can vary widely, from simple systems that can cost under $20 to complex systems costing hundreds of dollars and requiring professional installation. In addition to the price of purchasing and installing the system, consider the cost, schedule, and ease of maintenance, such as changing filter cartridges. In order to continue to work properly, all water treatment systems require maintenance.
Some filters are slow, while others can filter large amounts of water quickly. If you only need the filter for personal drinking water, you may not need a fast filter.
Filters commonly found in homes and stores include water filter pitchers, end-of-tap or faucet-mounted filters, faucet-integrated (built-in) filters, on-counter filters, under-sink filters, and whole-house treatment units. No filters or treatment systems are 100% effective in removing all contaminants from water, and you need to know what you want your filter to do before you go shopping (see Step 1). Not all filters of a particular type use the same technology, so you should read the label carefully.
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The water that comes out of your household tap travels through miles of pipes, aquifers, and treatment systems before landing in your glass. One of the easiest ways to boost the quality of that water is by using a water filter, be it under your sink, in your fridge, or on your countertop.
While many people buy water filters simply to improve the taste or appearance of their tap water, filtering your drinking water can also potentially protect you from harmful contaminants. A joint Consumer Reports-Guardian US news organization investigation of the nation&#;s tap water revealed that 118 of 120 tested locations across the U.S. had detectable amounts of lead, arsenic, or PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances linked to significant health problems) above CR&#;s recommended maximum levels. Those sampled water systems served more than 19 million people.
An in-home water filter can not only protect against harmful contaminants but also improve the taste of your tap water. Because drinking-water complaints often relate to taste and smell, we test flavor and odor reduction in our current ratings for water filter pitchers, under-sink water filters, faucet-mounted filters, and countertop filters. Our ratings also include reverse osmosis water filters from previous testing.
In addition to refrigerator water filters, the most popular are pitcher-style filters&#;the kind you fill from the tap and keep in your fridge. They&#;re easy to use, require no installation, and take up less space than a more permanent option. They&#;re also relatively economical, with most costing less than $50.
Faucet-mounted water filters attach directly to your tap, while countertop water filters attach to your tap by a hose that diverts water through a small sink-side purifying device equipped with a spout. Both typically filter using granulated activated carbon cartridges that draw away contaminants before water leaves your tap. They work well for apartment dwellers because they don&#;t require a plumber to install. Faucet-mounted filters often cost less than $50. Countertop filters can cost $80 or much more, depending on the filtration system they use.
Under-sink water filters are more expensive, ranging from less than $100 to $700. They hide discreetly and filter a higher volume of water at a greater flow rate. They may require custom plumbing, or sink or countertop alterations for the water dispenser. But if convenience is important to you, under-sink filters are a good option.
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