floor covering, material made from textiles, felts, resins, rubber, or other natural or man-made substances applied or fastened to, or laid upon, the level base surface of a room to provide comfort, durability, safety, and decoration. Such materials include both handmade and machine-made rugs and carpets and smooth-surfaced floor coverings. Although the words carpet and rug are frequently used interchangeably in referring to textile floor coverings, in modern usage carpets are fastened to the floor and usually cover an entire floor area, and rugs are not fastened and rarely cover the entire floor. Carpets and rugs may be classified as handmade or machine-made. Smooth-surfaced coverings generally adhere to a subfloor and are manufactured as sheet goods or tiles.
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Herāt carpetFragmented carpet of the Herāt type, 17th century. 1.88 × 1.60 metres.
Handmade carpets and rugs are usually made by knotting a number of pile tufts to a backing structure so that the loose knot ends form the pile. Mainly produced in Asia and the East, knotted types are often given the general name of Oriental carpets and may be classified according to the country of manufacture, such as Persian (originating in Iran) or Chinese. Well-known districts or towns may give their names to the carpets they produce; the Persian Kermān (Kirman) is an example. Other hand-knotted rugs include the Savonnerie rugs of France and the modern rya rugs of the Scandinavian countries. Handmade rugs woven by the tapestry method, often described as the Aubusson type, for the French town in which the method was perfected, have a flat or slightly ribbed surface instead of pile. Hooked rugs are made by drawing yarn or fabric strands through a basic material so as to form a pile of loops that may be clipped or remain uncut.
Machine-made carpets include such woven types as Axminster and Wilton, and also tufted, knitted, and flocked types. Axminsters resemble hand-knotted carpets, but their pile yarn is mechanically inserted and bound and not knotted. Wilton types may have looped (uncut) or cut pile, with designs formed by bringing yarns of the desired colour to the surface and burying the others beneath the surface. Velvet carpeting is made by looping strands that form the pile over wire strips that are removed as each row of loops is completed. Chenille rugs have soft, deep pile formed by long, furry strips. The pile of tufted carpets is formed by tufts inserted into a backing with needles. In knitted carpets, the backing, locking, and pile yarns are all looped together. Flocked types are produced by systems in which adhesives are used to bind fibres or yarns to the backing fabric.
Smooth-surfaced floor coverings include linoleum, rubber floor coverings, cork tile, asphalt tile, printed felt base, and the vinyl types. Most are available in varying degrees of thickness, usually from 1/16 to 3/16 inch, and may have some form of backing. Although flexible types are available in rolls at least six feet wide, square tiles are increasingly popular in all types. The various materials differ in their ability to take colour or pattern, and mottled or spatter effects are often achieved by blending in one or more mixes of the same general composition as the basic material.
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Wooden floors are synonymous with classic beauty. They have been enriching homes with their warm and natural appearance for hundreds of years. From traditional oak to exotic teak, wood offers a wide range of colors and patterns with which you can create any atmosphere you want. Nowadays, wooden floors suitable for underfloor heating.
Carpet, one of the most traditional types of floor coverings, is known for its softness and comfort. For centuries, carpet has offered a feeling of warmth and coziness to spaces. Over the years, technological advances have created diverse textures, patterns and colors, meaning carpets now fit a range of interior styles.
Tile floors have their roots in ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Romans, who refined the art of making and installing tiles. Ceramic and porcelain tiles are both durable and stylish, and they provide a cool, sleek surface that is especially appreciated in warmer climates.
Natural stone is the embodiment of timeless elegance. Stones such as marble and granite have adorned palaces and temples over the centuries. These floors are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also incredibly durable, adding a touch of natural beauty to any space.
Introduced in the 20th century, laminate flooring offers the look and feel of natural materials, but at a fraction of the price. With its resistance to scratches and stains, laminate offers a low-maintenance solution for modern households.
Linoleum, often confused with vinyl, is an all-natural floor covering made from linseed oil, resin, limestone and cork powder. With its retro look and environmentally friendly properties, linoleum is making a comeback in contemporary interiors.
Vinyl is a versatile and cost-efficient floor covering. Developed in the 20th century, vinyl offers a water-resistant and durable solution that is available in many designs. It is a popular choice for both domestic and commercial spaces.
Cork floors combine comfort with durability in a unique way. Made from the bark of the cork oak, this floor covering provides a soft and warm surface that also dampens sound. Cork is both environmentally and aesthetically pleasing, making it a popular choice for environmentally conscious homeowners.
Cast floors, as the name suggests, are poured directly onto the surface and offer a seamless and sleek finish. Originally introduced in industrial and commercial settings for their durability and easy maintenance, cast floors have now found their way into modern homes thanks to their sleek look and versatility.
PVC floors, often referred to as vinyl planks or luxury vinyl tiles (LVT), are relative newcomers to the floor covering market , but have quickly gained popularity due to their water resistance, versatility and maintenance-free properties.
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