Tie rod assemblies can be very complicated and confusing to someone who does not deal with them on a routine basis. If you are not experienced in dealing with tie rod assemblies, you may not understand all of the necessary information that is required to ensure that you receive the proper components for the tie... Read more
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What information do I need to provide when ordering bolts or requesting a quotation to ensure that I receive the correct product?Have you ever gone to order bolts and haven’t known what information you needed to provide to ensure you receive the correct fasteners? Relax, because you’re not alone. If you don’t deal with fasteners daily, you may not understand all of the necessary information you need to provide to ensure that you receive the correct... Read more
Can welding be performed on high strength anchor bolts and fasteners?The short answer is that in most cases, welding high strength bolts is not allowed. In the fastener industry, the term “high strength” typically refers to any medium carbon or alloy steel which undergoes a heat-treating process to develop the strength properties necessary to meet the requirements of a given specification. These ASTM specifications include... Read more
Can high strength bolts be hot-dip galvanized?Some high strength bolts can be galvanized while others cannot. In the construction fastener industry, typically the phrase “high strength” refers to bolts that have been quenched and tempered (heat treated) to develop the proper strength requirements of a given specification. In many cases, low alloy steels like ASTM A572g50 or F1554g55 are called “high... Read more
What is the difference between a bolt manufacturer and a fastener distributor?In the fastener industry, there are two different types of fastener companies… distributors and manufacturers. The following FAQ will address the differences between fastener distributors and bolt manufacturers and provide some insight as to when to consider utilizing each type of company for your fastener purchases. What is a fastener distributor? Fastener distributors serve a... Read more
What are the liability issues involved in substituting one fastener grade or configuration for another?Have you ever had a fastener company try to talk you into substituting A193 grade B7 all thread rod for F1554 grade 55 anchor rods, claiming it’s “better”? Have you allowed them to substitute an all thread rod with a nut tack welded in lieu of a headed bolt? These are scenarios that come up... Read more
Will imported A307 grade A hex bolts meet the requirements of F1554 grade 36?Anchor bolts which are embedded in concrete and used for structural anchorage purposes can assume several forms. Common forms of anchor bolts include right angle bend anchor bolts, swedged rods, and threaded rods (typically with a nut and/or square plate attached to the bottom of the rod). Another common configuration for an anchor bolt is... Read more
What is the difference between a bolt with rolled threads and one with cut threads and does a fastener with a reduced body and rolled threads meet ASTM specifications?Threads of a mechanical fastener, regardless of whether it is a headed bolt, rod, or bent bolt, can be produced by either cutting or rolling. The differences, misconceptions, advantages, and disadvantages of each method are described below. Rolled Threads Roll threading is a process by which steel is extruded to form the threaded portion of... Read more
Can a threaded rod with a welded nut be substituted for a bolt with a forged head?When a threaded rod with a nut is substituted for a bolt with a forged head, two issues come into play. When in-house mechanical testing was performed by Portland Bolt on headed bolts versus rods with a nut, both from the identical lots of steel, the rod with a nut developed up to 12% less... Read more
Does commercially available mild steel all thread rod meet ASTM F1554 grade 36?In almost all cases, commercially available all thread rod will not meet F1554 grade 36. First, it is rare that distributors or manufacturers keep lot control on all thread rod. In other words, different heats of all thread rod are commingled so that it is difficult to determine the exact certification document that corresponds to... Read more
This specification is manufactured from low-carbon mild steel and covers your everyday, run of the mill bolts. Stock finishes include plain black, zinc plated, and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier, however this requirement is largely ignored due to their implementation in noncritical applications and the fact that they are often cut to length in the field.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 4" - - 60 ksi min 18 min - B69 B100This low-carbon, mild steel bolt specification covers heavy hex bolts and fully threaded studs that are intended for cast iron flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges. A307 Grade B differs from A307 Grade A in that it has a maximum tensile strength requirement. Common finishes include plain black, zinc, and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier.
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Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 4" - - 60 minThis specification covers anchor bolts that are designed for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Bolts under this specification can conform to a headed bolt, straight rod or bent anchor bolt configuration. There are three grades within this specification, 36, 55, or 105. These grade numbers represent the minimum yield strength (ksi) requirement of the anchor bolt. The bolts are color coded at the end that will project from the concrete to easily identify the grade used in the field (Grade 36: Blue, Grade 55: Yellow, Grade 105: Red). Permanent stamping with grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier instead of color coding is a supplementary requirement.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max Grade 36 1⁄2" - 4" - 36 58 minThe A449 specification is a high strength grade manufactured from a medium carbon or alloy steel which undergoes a heat-treating process to develop its strength. It is intended for general engineering applications.
Many engineers incorrectly specify A325 all thread rod, which is not a proper specification due to fact that A325 requires a forged head. ASTM A449 is virtually identical in chemistry and strength to the ASTM A325 specification in diameters 1/2″ – 1″; however, A449 is more flexible considering it is not restricted to a specific configuration. If you have a project with A325 all thread rod specified, have the engineer of record consider moving to an A449 grade instead for diameters 1″ and less. Common finishes are plain black and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 1" 85 92 120 14 35 C25 C34 11⁄8" - 11⁄2" 74 81 105 C19 C30 15⁄8" - 3" 55 58 90 B91 B100This specification is the other primary grade of all thread rod that is mass produced and readily available off the shelf. It is made from a medium-carbon, alloy steel that has been quenched and tempered to reach its higher strength. This grade of all thread is designed for high temperature or high pressure applications and intended for use in flanges, valves, pressure vessels and fittings.
It is important to note that in this specification, the threading standard for rods above 1” in diameter is 8 threads per inch (tpi). However, B7 threaded rod with Unified National Coarse (UNC) threads is also readily available. Both threading options are stock items so make sure to double check which thread pattern you need for your application. Common finishes are plain black and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 21⁄2" - 105 125 16 50 - C35 25⁄8" - 4" 95 115 16 50 C35 41⁄8" - 7" 75 100 18 50 C35This specification is designed for rods being used in low temperature applications. It is made from medium-carbon, alloy steel which undergoes a heat-treating process to reach the required strength properties and requires a Charpy impact test to ensure its performance at low temperatures. Common finishes are plain black and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier stamp. Please note that rods above 1” in diameter require 8 threads per inch (tpi) unless otherwise specified.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 21⁄2" - 105 125 16 50 - -This specification covers quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs and other fasteners 4” in diameter and under. This is a high-strength specification that does not have configuration limitations and is used for general applications. Common finishes are plain black and hot-dip galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 21⁄2" 105 109 125 16 50 C26 C36 25⁄8" - 4" 95 94 115 16 45 C22 C33This grade covers medium carbon, alloy steel that has been quenched and tempered to reach its high strength requirements. It is virtually identical to the A490 specification in chemical and mechanical properties; however, it does not have the configuration limitations that A490 has. If you have a project with A490 all thread rod specified, you should ask the Engineer of Record to consider A354 Grade BD in its place. A354 Grade BD is higher in strength than the other grades listed on this page and is subject to the risk of hydrogen embrittlement when plated or galvanized. One end of each rod requires a permanent grade symbol and manufacturer’s identifier.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min Max 1⁄4" - 21⁄2" 120 130 150 14 40 C33 C39 25⁄8" - 4" 105 115 140 C31 C39The J429 specification covers requirements for fasteners used for automotive purposes, OEM applications, and other related industries. There are three common grades (2, 5 and 8) that readily available or can be made as fully threaded rods. There are ASTM specifications that have similar strength properties which may be easier to find in the form of all thread rod than their SAE equivalent. SAE threaded rods do not require permanent grade markings on the ends of the rods like many ASTM specifications do. Common finishes include plain black, zinc plated, and hot-dip galvanized for Grades 2 and 5. Grade 8 is typically provided plain finish only due to the potential risk of hydrogen embrittlement when plated or galvanized.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min MaxStainless steel all thread rod is common in the maketplace and is sold under several different ASTM specifications. The two most common forms of stainless all thread rod are bought and sold simply as AISI Type 304 or Type 316 stainless steel. However, stainless steel all thread rod is often specified under a variety of ASTM specifications including A193, A320, and F593. The type of stainless steel desired for the project will be specified as a grade within the A193 and A320 specifications or as a alloy group and condition within the F593 specification.
Grade Marking Nominal Size Mechanical Properties Hardness Rockwell Proof Load Yield Str. Tensile Str. Elong. % R.A. % Min MaxASTM A36
ASTM A36 is a steel grade, not a fastener specification. Technically, all thread rod made from A36 steel should be ordered to a fastener specification such as A307 Grade A, A307 Grade B, F1554 Grade 36, or SAE J429 Grade 2. The appropriate fastener specification will depend on the application. However, some companies stock all thread rod manufactured from A36 steel and can certify it as such upon request.
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