Water tanks are available in a range of suitable materials including plastic, galvanised steel, Aquaplate®, Zincalume®, fibreglass, and concrete. All can be suitable, providing the materials used are at least of food-grade standard (AS2070). If the water is to be used for human consumption the tank material MUST comply with the requirements of potable-water standard (AS/NZS4020).
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The typical Aussie water tanks that we all remember are the galvanised steel water tanks and until recently this was the most common material used in the manufacture of rainwater tanks. Galvanised steel is not inherently resistant to corrosion but it is now available with rust resistant coatings such as zincalume or Aquaplate.
New tanks may leach excess concentrations of zinc which could affect the taste of stored rainwater. These galvanised water tanks may need to be flushed before use.
The most common material used in the manufacture of metal rainwater tanks is galvanised steel. Galvanising is the process of applying zinc to steel. These “galvanised” tanks could be soldered or joined. This join creates what is actually a joint or seam. Solder consists of a combination of lead & tin which is melted with a hot iron and applied to a joint.
Galvanised steel is not inherently resistant to corrosion and must have rust-resistant coatings applied. Initial corrosion of galvanised steel normally leads to production of a thin adherent film that coats the surface of the tank and provides protection against further corrosion. It is important when cleaning such tanks not to disturb this film.
New steel tanks may leach excess concentrations of zinc, which could affect the taste of stored rainwater, but is not a health risk. These tanks may need to be flushed before use.
Aquaplate® (plastic coated steel) has a food-grade polymer skin bonded to a galvanised steel base. The polymer used in plastic coated steel is not resistant to prolonged exposure to sunlight, so tanks must have a top cover in place at all times. Kerosene or similar chemicals typically used as mosquito larvicides can cause degeneration of the polymer coating and should not be used.
The polymer coating must not be damaged when cleaning or installing the tank. If the coating is damaged, it should be repaired immediately using an appropriate sealant to prevent corrosion of the metal portions of the tank.
Steel used in the fabrication of water tanks typically has a stated warranty period of 20 years. While the raw material has a 20yr warranty, the manufactured product (the water tank) has a 10yr warranty, on a pro-rata basis. Always read the warranty.
Most steel tank installations require concrete slab, minimum 100mm thick with steel reinforcing, or else you void the warranty.
Stainless steel can also be used to manufacture water tanks. This material does not suffer from the rust or corrosion problems typical of galvanised steel tanks. However, the cost is substantially higher than normal plastic coated steel tanks. The stainless steel tanks still require a seam, where the sheets are joined.
Concrete water tanks and ferro-cement water tanks are generally strong and long-lasting. They are very heavy, and difficult to handle. 5000G tank would weigh about 8 tonnes. Concrete water tanks are most often installed underground however smaller tanks are available for above ground.
New concrete water tanks often impart tastes and may leach lime thereby increasing the pH of water. Accordingly these concrete water tanks may need to be flushed before use.
Concrete tanks can either be delivered complete for small or medium sized concrete water tanks, or poured on site for medium and larger concrete water tanks.
Concrete water tanks delivered on site in a complete form are craned off the truck and onto a prepared sand base. These tanks are sometimes in one to three pieces. Concrete sections are sealed primarily with a rubber or synthetic sealing ring or some form of sealant. Sealant is then applied to the inside of the tank at the join to stop the water leaking out.
Cracking and leaking is one of the most common complaints suffered by concrete tanks. As long as the tank can be drained, the cracks can be repaired. In some bad cases, a plastic liner is required, which can be very expensive.
The standard for concrete tanks allows for a certain amount of leakage, while the standard for plastic tanks does not allow any leakage.
The most popular type of water tank in Australia is the plastic or poly water tank, typically made with the rotational moulding process. These tanks have been made by some manufacturers using this process for over 20years. Plastic tanks and plastic liners must be constructed of materials that are at least of food-grade standard (compliant with AS 2070) and if the water is to be used for human consumption the plastic material must actually comply with the requirements of potable-water standard (AS/NZS4020). The rotational moulding industry is one of the few industries that have a comprehensive standard that covers both the raw materials used, and the manufacturing and workmanship of the completed water tanks.
Polyethylene (Poly) is non-corrosive tank material designed for long life. Polyethylene will not rust or suffer from corrosion as will metal water tanks some time during their service life. Poly tanks are lightweight and easy to handle – no heavy equipment needed.
Poly tanks are usually made in one single piece. They have no joints or seams where part of the tank has been welded together, and no sealants are used to join any parts of the tank together.
Leading manufacturers, such as Bushmans Tanks, use materials that comply with the light transmission standard (AS/NZS4766) that inhibits the growth of algae. Light transmission is a potential problem that fibreglass tanks have a need to manage.
Polyethylene tanks can be recycled at the end of their service life. Recycled plastic cannot make water tanks because potable water regulations only allow virgin plastics to be used. However, there are many other product applications for recycled plastic. The recycled plastic can have new sun and heat protection added, and go on to enjoy another long life.
Fibreglass tanks (or GFRP Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic) are available to store water. These tanks must be manufactured with a food-grade coating on their interior surface. The coating is cured before the tanks are offered for sale.
One advantage of Fibreglass is that it is very stiff or rigid. This means that tank walls can be relatively thin to manage the water pressure. However the disadvantage of this very rigid material is that it can tend to be brittle in nature, being prone to cracking and leaking.
Most Fibreglass tanks have a resin, which is mixed with a catalyst or hardener, along with glass fibres (reinforcement) sprayed onto a mould by an operator. The process is dependent on the skill of the individual. As a result, the process can result in variation from tank to tank.
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Fibreglass water tanks allow more light entry than other types of tanks, which encourages algal growth. To prevent this, tanks should be sealed with a black covering inside or painted on the outside. Some tanks are manufactured with sufficient pigment to prevent this problem occurring.
For more information please contact our experts on 1800 0088 8888 or visit www.bushmantanks.com.au. Our representatives are on hand to provide you with information, free quotes, prices and advice and our aim is to respond to all enquiries withing 24 hours.
Fiberglass Tanks vs. MS (Mild Steel) Tanks: Advantages and Benefits
Fiberglass Tanks and Mild Steel (MS) Tanks are both used for storage purposes across various industries. However, there are several advantages and benefits to using Fiberglass Tanks over MS Tanks, particularly in terms of cost savings, maintenance, and future market trends.
**Advantages of Fiberglass Tanks:**
1. **Corrosion Resistance:** Fiberglass Tanks are highly resistant to corrosion, which is a significant advantage over MS Tanks. MS Tanks are susceptible to rust and corrosion over time, which can lead to leaks, structural weakening, and the need for frequent maintenance or replacement.
2. **Longevity and Durability:** Fiberglass Tanks have a longer lifespan compared to MS Tanks. They are not affected by rust, rot, or chemical reactions that can degrade MS tanks. This longevity translates to reduced replacement costs and prolonged service life.
3. **Lightweight:** Fiberglass Tanks are lightweight compared to MS Tanks of equivalent size. This makes transportation, installation, and relocation easier and more cost-effective.
4. **Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Fiberglass Tanks have an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, making them structurally robust while being lighter than MS Tanks. This is particularly advantageous in applications where weight is a concern.
5. **Low Maintenance:** Fiberglass Tanks require significantly less maintenance than MS Tanks. They do not need regular painting, anti-corrosion treatments, or internal lining to prevent corrosion. This reduces maintenance costs and downtime.
6. **Chemical Resistance:** Fiberglass Tanks are highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals, making them suitable for storing various liquids, including corrosive substances. This versatility opens up opportunities for use in industries such as chemical processing, water treatment, and oil and gas.
7. **Insulation Properties:** Fiberglass Tanks provide inherent insulation properties, which can be beneficial for storing liquids that require temperature control. They can help maintain the temperature of the stored material, leading to potential energy savings.
8. **Customization:** Fiberglass Tanks can be manufactured to precise specifications, allowing for customization based on specific requirements. This flexibility in design can optimize storage solutions and reduce wasted space.
**Cost Savings and Maintenance:**
1. **Reduced Maintenance Costs:** The low maintenance requirements of Fiberglass Tanks result in reduced operational costs. Since there's no need for frequent painting, lining, or anti-corrosion treatments, ongoing maintenance expenses are significantly lowered.
2. **Longer Service Life:** Fiberglass Tanks have a longer service life compared to MS Tanks. This means that the investment made in purchasing and installing Fiberglass Tanks yields returns over an extended period due to fewer replacements or repairs.
3. **Minimal Downtime:** The reduced need for maintenance and repairs means that downtime is minimized, leading to increased productivity and uninterrupted operations.
**Future Market Trends:**
Fiberglass products, including tanks, are witnessing a growing demand in various industries due to their inherent advantages:
1. **Environmental Considerations:** Fiberglass Tanks are environmentally friendly due to their corrosion resistance, longevity, and minimal maintenance needs. This aligns with the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental regulations.
2. **Infrastructure Development:** As industries continue to expand and modernize, there is an increasing need for storage solutions that are durable, corrosion-resistant, and adaptable. Fiberglass Tanks fit this requirement well.
3. **Chemical and Petrochemical Industries:** With the chemical and petrochemical sectors growing, the demand for reliable and chemical-resistant storage solutions is on the rise. Fiberglass Tanks are well-suited to meet these needs.
4. **Water Treatment and Desalination:** The water treatment industry, including desalination plants, requires robust and corrosion-resistant storage for chemicals and treated water. Fiberglass Tanks offer an ideal solution.
5. **Renewable Energy:** As renewable energy sources like solar and wind power expand, the need for storage solutions for generated energy also increases. Fiberglass Tanks can be utilized for storing chemicals used in renewable energy processes.
In conclusion, Fiberglass Tanks offer numerous advantages over MS Tanks, including corrosion resistance, durability, low maintenance, and customization options. The cost savings associated with reduced maintenance and longer service life make them a financially viable choice. Moreover, the increasing demand for corrosion-resistant storage solutions across various industries positions Fiberglass Tanks favorably in future market trends.
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