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Are you wanting to know more about geogrid in hardscape? If you are preparing to install pavers in your yard, you&#;ve likely been advised to implement geogrid in whatever hardscape you install. But when should you use geogrid? What is its purpose? How long does geogrid last?
In this blog post, we&#;ll answer the most frequently asked questions about geogrid so that you can be equipped with knowledge before you begin your hardscape project.
Geogrid is used in almost every type of hardscape&#;from driveways to walkways to patios and everything in between. However, it is essential in retaining walls, particularly those above three or four feet.
Pro Tip
Geogrid should be implemented whenever you want your hardscape to last and stay structurally sound.
It is better to install geogrid and learn later that it might not have been necessary than to skip using it and have your wall crumble a few years later.
Geogrid is used in slope stabilization, soil stabilization, and soil reinforcement. Geogrid is crucial in keeping your hardscape interlocked while the environment around it naturally swells, shrinks, and shifts in response to climate and seasonal changes.
Yes, it is ideal to use geogrid in all retaining applications. For most man-made retaining wall blocks, geogrid is desired at 36&#;-48&#; exposed wall heights.
If steep slopes are near the wall, loading above the barrier, tiered walls, or poor soil, geogrid becomes even more necessary, regardless of wall height.
Products such as a weed barrier or orange safety fencing are not the same thing as geogrid. Geogrid is intentionally designed with specific ribs and patterns to minimize shifting and settling.
Pro Tip
The cost of implementing geogrid in your initial installation is well worth the alternative of rebuilding your hardscape after only a few years.
Want more information on eva smooth geomembrane? Feel free to contact us.
Woven textiles can provide a highly efficient and cost-effective alternative to rigid polypropylene geogrids for base stabilization applications. However, if the instructions for your retaining wall block tell you to use geogrid&#; do use geogrid.
Your geogrid will essentially last forever.
Tests have shown that geogrid has virtually no degradation for exposure in an outdoor environment for 12 months. This means that degradation will not happen even if geogrid is left exposed to the elements.
There is even less chance of degradation when geogrid is underground in a dense aggregate environment, as it usually is. Your geogrid will last as long as your hardscape&#;likely longer than you!
Yes, you can and probably should. Geogrid reinforcement can be used in thin Portland cement concrete (PCC) members and overlays in pavements and other structures where steel reinforcement cannot be set due to constructability and strength impediments.
Incorporating geogrids into the roadway section effectively creates a stiffer, more uniform foundation that will maintain well and for a long time. You can read more in this article where the Arizona Department of Transportation describes how it used geogrid in the paving of US 89T.
If you use geogrid, you can reduce the depth of excavation required on unsuitable subgrades. This means less digging and excavation, making your project more straightforward.
Geogrid does wonders to strengthen the soil and provide enhanced safety and excellent seismic durability by stabilizing slopes. Geogrid ensures that your retaining wall won&#;t fall over!
Another advantage of geogrid is that it reduces differential settlement. Geogrids lessen the need for maintenance and extend the lifetime of paths, roads, walls, and more.
Geogrids have higher tensile strength than the soils they contain and, depending on their size, can endure heavy loads. With a tensile strength of lbs/sq ft, geogrid can easily withstand heavy vehicular traffic (even trucks carrying heavy loads), aid in retaining solid walls and steep driveways, and hold up under an extremely high volume of foot traffic.
Geogrid is placed atop the subgrade (the primary layer of earth below your project) and below the AB (aggregate base). In other words, dirt, sand, or large rock should be below the geogrid and ¾&#;-0 road base gravel installed on top of it.
Geotextiles are for separation, filtration, and drainage purposes, while geogrids are used specifically for reinforcement. If you want to build a strong hardscape, use geogrid.
If you need guidance for installing your hardscape (and geogrid), download our free Project Planning Guide.
Over the past 20 years, the geogrid industry has seen significant growth in grade separation applications including segmental block retaining walls (SRW) and steepened reinforced soil slopes (RSS). This growth has directly led to introduction of new geogrid products, as well as an influx of multiple resin suppliers (raw material suppliers). The availability of new products in the market brings new challenges to the design engineer. While product diversity typically means more competitive pricing and savings to the engineer's clients, it also places a burden on the engineer to ascertain such new products and resin suppliers meet the industry guidelines for performance and safety. Geogrid reinforcing is expected to provide a 75 to 100 year design life under current standards of design practice (NCMA or AASHTO). So, how does the engineer verify the quality of the geogrid reinforcing considered in the design? The engineer must be assured of not only the quality of the finished product; but equally the quality of the raw materials (resins) used to manufacture the product.
The geogrid industry has established a well defined protocol for assessing the quality and performance of finished products. Quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) programs typically include ultimate tensile strength testing in accordance with accepted methods (ASTM D-) for each lot of geogrid produced. In addition to determining the ultimate (short-term) tensile strength, the creep characteristics of the geogrid are determined for a 75 to 100 year design life. Creep is often evaluated using accelerated methods (ASTM D- - Stepped Isothermal Method), which must be confirmed using conventional creep test methods (ASTM D-). The engineer must also consider performance characteristics of the geogrid that should include soil interaction and direct sliding properties (ASTM D- Pullout and D- Direct Sliding), resistance to installation damage during compaction (ASTM D- Guideline for Installation Damage) and geogrid-segmental block connection when used in SRW design (ASTM D- Geogrid Connection). The geogrid supplier should be able to provide supporting data and/or certification that the geogrid quality (tensile strengths) and performance characteristics of the geogrid meet published data.
Additionally, the geogrid manufacture should be capable of certifying the raw materials in the manufacture of the geogrid. The certification should address the resin used in manufacture of HDPE or PP geogrid or PET fiber used in the manufacture of PET geogrid. As an example, the PET geogrid industry has established defined raw material characteristics that address long-term durability and product quality. PET fiber used to manufacture geogrid material must exhibit a molecular weight greater than 25,000 g/mol and a carboxyl end group count less than 30 mmol/kg. The geogrid manufacturer must conduct periodic testing of received raw materials that verifies compliance with industry standards.
In addition to the geogrid manufacturer's fiber certification, Mill Certificates should be provided by the PET fiber supplier (resin supplier) indicating that all lots provided to the geogrid manufacturer meet industry standards for molecular weight (>25,000 g/mol) and carboxyl end group count (<30 mmol/kg). Lot certification by the PET fiber supplier (resin supplier) assures both the geogrid manufacturer and the engineer that the fiber will provide long-term performance for the design life of the structure. This situation is analogous to the steel industry where a fabricator provides certification for finished products and the steel mill provides certification for the raw material (i.e. steel bar, coils, etc.) The geogrid manufacturer provides certification on the finished product and the fiber (resin) supplier provides certification of the raw material (PET fiber, PP or HDPE resin) used to manufacture the geogrid.
The certification alone should not be accepted as sufficient. The geogrid manufacturer should demonstrate that sufficient controls are in place to track and document raw material procurement, geogrid production, finished product storage, final sale and shipping. If controls are not in place there is no clear evidence that the material certifications apply to the product delivered to the site. Control procedures are critical in maintaining a clear and precise chain of custody from raw material procurement to product delivery. An ISO : certificate (or similar) demonstrates the manufacturer has a quality management system that complies with recognized, widely accepted industry standards. The ISO : certificate is instituted by 3rd party consulting firms working for the International Organization for Standardization. An ISO certificate implies that the manufacturer is audited yearly to assure the quality management system is implemented. Subsequently, the engineer is assured that the manufacturer is capable of providing a meaningful certification and the finished product delivered to the site meets the design intent.
In summary, the question is simple: "How do you know that the product delivered on your project is representative of the product tested?"
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